Analysis of spiritual intelligence in the story of "Khalil Kafir" based on Robert Emmons' point of view

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor of Arabic Language and Literature in university of Guilan. Rasht. Iran

2 Master of Arabic Literature.University of Gilan. Rasht. Iran

10.22091/npa.2025.10927.1020

Abstract

Spiritual intelligence refers to the skills, abilities, and behaviors necessary to develop and maintain a connection with the ultimate source of all beings, success in searching for life goals, and finding the right moral path that helps our salvation in life. This intelligence, which is based on human values, beliefs and actions, gives him the ability to search for growth and excellence in the realities of life in various situations. Robert Emmons (born in 1958), a professor at the University of California and a researcher of personality psychology, emotional psychology and the psychology of religion, is among the first to discover spiritual intelligence. Since Gibran Khalil Gibran (1931-1883) used the teachings of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sufism in some of his works, it can be considered that his intellectual system in his works is related to spiritual intelligence. Therefore, the functions and components of this intelligence in the story of "Khalil Kafir" are the subject of this research. Although Gibran Khalil Gibran did not directly mention spiritual intelligence in the story of Khalil Kafir; But since the approach of his works is very inclined to the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, including ideological and cognitive dimensions, emotional and emotional dimensions, and volitional dimensions, therefore this hypothesis that Gibran Khalil Gibran involuntarily used the images and foundations of this intelligence in his works It gives strength. By studying some works of Gibran, Khalil Gibran, especially the story of "Khalil Kafir", it is concluded that Gibran unconsciously used his spiritual intelligence in the direction of the growth and excellence of the inferior people in society and their relationship with God and others. It should be mentioned that the present research tries to investigate the components of spiritual intelligence based on the theory of Robert Emmons in the story "Khalil Kafir" by Gibran Khalil Gibran by using qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method.

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 09 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 05 April 2025
  • First Publish Date: 05 April 2025
  • Publish Date: 05 April 2025

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