Ibn Rasheeq Al-Qairwani, A. (2000 AD). Al-Umda, Research: Salahuddin Al-Hawari, Hoda Oudeh, Beirut: Dar and Al-Hilal School.
Ibn Mu'taz, A. (2016). The Book of Al-Badi, translated and researched by Yahya Kardgar, Baha' al-Din Iskandari, Qom: Bostan Ketab Institute.
Ibn Nadim, M. (1967). Book of al-Fihrest, translated by Reza Tajaddod, second edition, Tehran: Printing House of the Commercial Bank of Iran.
Abu Ubaidah, M. (1981 AD). Metaphor of the Qur’an, edited by: Muhammad Fuad Sezgin, 2nd ed., Beirut: Al-Risala Foundation.
Taj al-Hallawi, A. (2004). Daqayeq al-Sher, edited by Muhammad Kazem Imam, second edition, Tehran: University of Tehran.
Al-Taftazani, S. (1416 AH). Al-Mutawwal, 4th ed., Qom: Al-Dawari Library.
Tha’lab, A. (1995). The Rules of Poetry, edited by: Ramadan Abdel Tawab, 2nd ed., Cairo: Al-Khanji Library.
Al-Jahiz, A. (1926 AD). Al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin, edited by: Hassan al-Sandoubi, Qom: Urmia Library Publications.
Al-Jurjani, A. (1368). Dalā'il al-I'jāz fī al-Qur'ān, translated by Seyyed Mohammad Radmanesh, Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi.
-----------------, (1995). The Secrets of Elucidation, translated by Jalil Tajlil, fourth edition, Tehran: University of Tehran.
Hosseini Neyshabouri, B. (2005). Badaye al-Sanaye. edited by Rahim Moslamian Ghobadiani, Tehran: Mahmoud Afshar Endowment Foundation.
Al-Khatib Al-Qazwini, M. (2008). Talkhays al-Miftah. edited by: Yassin Al-Ayyubi, Beirut: Al-Asriya Library.
Al-Radwiyani, M. (1980). Interpreter of Al-Balagha, edited by Ahmad Atash, with the efforts of Tawfiq H. Sobhani and Ismail Hakemi, Tehran: Association of Cultural Works and Merits.
Al-Razi, S. (1994). Dictionary of the Standards of Persian Poetry, edited by Cyrus Shamisa, Tehran: Firdaws.
Al-Sakaki, A. (n. d.). Miftah al-Ulum, Qom: Urmia Library Publications.
Sayyid Shaykhun, M. (1994 AD). Metaphor: Its Origin and Development, 2nd ed., Egypt: Dar Al-Hedaya.
Saleh Mazandarani, M. (1997). Anwar al-Balagha, edited by Mohammad Ali Gholami-Nejad, Tehran: Qiblah Cultural Center and Written Heritage Publishing Office.
Tusi, Khajeh Nasir al-Din, (1996). 'Asas al-Iqtibas, Seyyed Abdullah Anwar, First Edition, Tehran: Markaz Publishing House.
Ateeq, A. (no date). In the History of Arabic Rhetoric, Beirut: Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya.
Al-Askari, A. (1993). The Standard of Eloquence (translation of the book “Sina’atin”), translated by: Muhammad Javad Nasiri, Tehran: Tehran University.
Forouzanfar, B. (1997). Meanings and Expression, by Seyyed Mohammad Dabir Siyaghi, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Academy Letter, Supplement No. 3.
Fenderski, M. (2002). Bayan Badi'e treatise, edited by Seyyed Maryam Rozatian, Isfahan: Islamic Propaganda Office.
Qudamah ibn Ja`far, A. (1302 AH). Poetic Criticism, Constantinople: Al-Jawaib Press.
Al-Marghinani, A. (no date). mḥạsin al-Kalam, edited by Mohammad Fesharaki, Isfahan: Isfahan Cultural Center.
Vaez Kashfi Sabzevari, K. (1980). Badaye al-'Afkar fi Aanaye al-'Ashar, edited by Mir Jalal-ud-Din Kazazi, Tehran: Markaz Publishing House.
Watawat, R. (1983). Gardens of Magic in the Poetic Subtleties, edited by Abbas Iqbal Ashtiani, Tehran: Tahuri and Sana'i Library.
Hawkes, T. (2001). Metaphor, translated by Farzaneh Taheri, second edition, Tehran: Markaz Publication.
Homaei, Jalal al-Din, (1995). Meanings and Expression, third edition, Tehran: Homa Publishing