Aesthetics of condition style in Al-Jāḥiẓ's works ؛ Case study: the book "Al-Taj fi Akhla Al-Muluk"

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature in Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD student of Arabic language and literature in Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22091/npa.2024.10390.1016

Abstract

Al-Jāḥiẓ knew the supremacy of words over meaning as one of the basic principles, so his works are among the works that have verbal strength. One of the works of Jahiz, which is about politics, is the book "Al-Taj". With a glance at the text of the book, the conditional style is the first characteristic of the text that shows itself. One of the most frequent cases of bet style aesthetics is the precise use of the two letters "if" and "when", each of which conveys the possibility and certainty of the bet, respectively. With this explanation, the current research tries to investigate the aesthetics of these letters and the purpose of using the conditional style in this book with a descriptive-analytical approach. Since the main topic of this book is clear; Therefore, this research is only limited to the first chapter of this book. In the end, it was clear that Jahiz used a specific style for the three target groups in the first chapter, namely: the nobles, the middle class, and the kings, respectively. For the first two groups, he mostly used the letter "if" to show that moral actions by the king are possible, and for the third group, which is the confrontation between two kings, he used the letter "when" which has certainty in the condition. The letter "if" is used in all cases in the position of a weak condition and the letters "when" are used in the position of a strong condition.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

جمالیات الأسلوب الشرطی فی آثار الجاحظ؛ کتاب "التاج فی أخلاق الملوک" نموذجا

Abstract [العربیة]

إن الجاحظ کان یَعتبر تفوقَ اللفظ على المعنى من المبادئ الأساسیة، فتُعد أعماله جزءًا من التراث الأدبی الذی یتمتع بصلابة لفظیة. ومن مؤلفات الجاحظ التی تتناول السیاسة کتاب "التاج". وقد تحدث فی هذا الکتاب عن أخلاق الملوک والرعایا وأمثال ملوک الساسانیین والعرب. وبإلقاء نظرة عابرة على نص الکتاب یتبین أن الأسلوب الشرطی یُعتبر أول میزة تظهر فیه. ومن أکثر الحالات الجمالیة للأسلوب الشرطی الاستخدام الدقیق لحرفی "إن" و"إذا" فکل منهما یوحی بإمکانیة الشرط ویقینه على التوالی. وبهذا الشرح یحاول البحث الحالی تسلیط الضوء على جمالیات هذه الحروف والغرض من استخدام الأسلوب الشرطی فی هذا الکتاب وذلک بالترکیز علی المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی. وبما أن الموضوع الرئیس لهذا الکتاب واضح؛ ولذلک فإن هذا البحث یقتصر فقط على الفصل الأول من الکتاب. تشیر نتائج الدراسة إلی أن الجاحظ استعمل أسلوبًا خاصًا یستهدف ثلاث فئات فی الفصل الأول، وهی: النبلاء، والطبقة الوسطى، والملوک؛ تم استخدام أسلوب خاص بالترتیب. بالنسبة للمجموعتین الأولیین، إنه غالبا ما استخدم حرف "إن" للدلالة على إمکانیة حدوث أفعال معنویة من قبل الملک، وبالنسبة للمجموعة الثالثة، وهی مواجهة بین ملکین وللمخاطب مکانة عالیة، استخدم الحرف "إذا" والتی تعنی الیقین فی الشرط. وفی جمیع الأحوال فقد استخدم حرف "إن" فی محل شرط ضعیف وممکن، کما استخدم حرف "إذا" فی محل شرط قوی حاسم، مما یدل على قمة بلاغة الجاحظ وذکائه فی استخدام الأسلوب الشرط.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الجمالیات
  • الأسلوب الشرطی
  • "إن" و"إذا"
  • الجاحظ
  • کتاب "التاج فی أخلاق الملوک"

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 17 October 2024
  • Accept Date: 18 November 2024
  • First Publish Date: 18 November 2024
  • Publish Date: 09 January 2025

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